Classes Intellectual Faculties Antagonism
Antagonism
Nouns
reasoning ratiocination rationalism
dialectics, induction, generalization. discussion, comment
ventilation
inquiry etc. Inquiry [Subject of Inquiry. Question] . argumentation, controversy, debate
polemics, wrangling
contention etc. Contention
logomachy
disputation, disceptation
paper war. art of reasoning, logic. process of reasoning, train of reasoning, chain of reasoning
deduction, induction, abduction
synthesis, analysis. argument
case, plaidoyer, opening
lemma, proposition, terms, premises, postulate, data, starting point, principle
inference etc. (judgment) Judgment [Conclusion.] . prosyllogism, syllogism
enthymeme, sorites, dilemma, perilepsis, a priori reasoning, reductio ad absurdum, horns of a dilemma, comprehensive argument
empirema, epagoge. [person who reasons] reasoner, logician, dialectician
disputant
controversialist, controvertist
wrangler, arguer, debater polemic, casuist, rationalist
scientist
eristic. logical sequence
good case
correct just reasoning, sound reasoning, valid reasoning, cogent reasoning, logical reasoning, forcible reasoning, persuasive reasoning, persuasory reasoning, consectary reasoning, conclusive etc. Demonstration
subtle reasoning
force of argument, strong point, strong argument, persuasive argument. arguments, reasons, pros and cons.
Verbs
reason, argue, discuss, debate, dispute, wrangle, argufy, bandy words, bandy arguments
chop logic
hold an argument, carry on an argument
controvert etc. (deny) Negation
canvass
comment upon, moralize upon
spiritualize
consider etc. (examine) Inquiry [Subject of Inquiry. Question] . open a discussion, open a case
try conclusions
join issue, be at issue
moot
come to the point
stir a question, agitate a question, ventilate a question, torture a question
take up a side, take up a case. contend, take one's stand upon, insist, lay stress on
infer etc. Judgment [Conclusion.] . follow from etc. (demonstration) Demonstration .
Adjectives
reasoning etc. v.
rationalistic
argumentative, controversial, dialectic, polemical
discursory, discursive
disputatious
Aristotelian, eristic, eristical. debatable, controvertible. logical
relevant etc. Agreement .
Adverbs
for, because, hence, whence, seeing that, since, sith, then thence so
for that reason, for this reason, for which reason
for as, inasmuch as
whereas, considering, in consideration of
therefore, wherefore
consequently, ergo, thus, accordingly
a fortiori. in conclusion, in fine
finally, after all, on the whole, taking one thing with another.
Nouns
intuition, instinct, association, hunch, gut feeling
presentiment, premonition
rule of thumb
superstition
astrology
faith (supposition) Supposition . sophistry, paralogy, perversion, casuistry, jesuitry, equivocation, evasion
chicane, chicanery
quiddet, quiddity
mystification
special pleading
speciousness etc. adj.
nonsense etc. Absurdity
word sense, tongue sense. false reasoning, vicious reasoning, circular reasoning
non sequitur
false teaching etc. Misteaching . sophism, solecism, paralogism
quibble, quirk, elenchus, elench, fallacy, quodlibet, subterfuge, subtlety, quillet
inconsistency, antilogy
a delusion, a mockery, and a snare" [Denman]
claptrap, cant, mere words
lame and impotent conclusion" [Othello] . meshes of sophistry, cobwebs of sophistry
flaw in an argument
weak point, bad case. overrefinement
hairsplitting etc. v..
Verbs
judge intuitively, judge by intuition
hazard a proposition, hazard a guess, talk at random. reason ill, falsely etc. adj.
misjudge etc. Misjudgment
paralogize. take on faith, take as a given
assume (supposition) Supposition . pervert, quibble
equivocate, mystify, evade, elude
gloss over, varnish
misteach etc. Misteaching
mislead etc. (error) Error
cavil, refine, subtilize, split hairs
misrepresent etc. (lie) Falsehood . beg the question, reason in a circle, reason in circles, assume the conclusion. cut blocks with a razor, beat about the bush, play fast and loose, play fast and loose with the facts, blow hot and cold, prove that black is white and white black, travel out of the record, put oneself out of court, not have a leg to stand on. judge hastily, shoot from the hip, jump to conclusions (misjudgment) Misjudgment .
Adjectives
intuitive, instinctive, impulsive
independent of reason, anterior to reason
gratuitous, hazarded
unconnected. unreasonable, illogical, false, unsound, invalid
unwarranted, not following
inconsequent, inconsequential
inconsistent
absonous, absonant
unscientific
untenable, inconclusive, incorrect
fallacious, fallible
groundless, unproved
it does not follow. deceptive, sophistical, jesuitical
illusive, illusory
specious, hollow, plausible, evasive
irrelevant etc. [Want, or absence of relation.] Irrelation
nonsensical etc. (absurd) Absurdity . foolish etc. (imbecile) Imbecility. Folly
frivolous, pettifogging, quibbling
finespun, overrefined. at the end of one's tether, au bout de son latin.
Adverbs
intuitively etc. adj.
by intuition
illogically etc. adj. .
Nouns
demonstration, proof, rigorous proof
conclusiveness etc. adj.
apodeixis, apodixis, probation, comprobation. logic of facts etc. (evidence) Evidence [On one side.]
argument etc. Reasoning,
rigorous establishment, absolute establishment. conviction, cogency, (persuasion) Belief .
Verbs
demonstrate, prove, establish
make good
show, evince, manifest etc. (be evidence of) Evidence [On one side.]
confirm, corroborate, substantiate, verify etc. Evidence [On one side.] , settle the question, reduce to demonstration, set the question at rest. make out, make out a case
prove one's point, have the best of the argument
draw a conclusion etc. (judge) Judgment [Conclusion.] . follow, follow of course, follow as a matter of course, follow necessarily
stand to reason
hold good, hold water. convince, persuade (belief) Belief .
Adjectives
demonstrating etc. v., demonstrative, demonstrable
probative, unanswerable, conclusive
apodictic, apodeictic, apodeictical
irresistible, irrefutable, irrefragable
necessary. categorical, decisive, crucial. demonstrated etc. v.
proven
unconfuted, unanswered, unrefuted
evident etc. Certainty . deducible, consequential, consectary, inferential, following. [demonstrated to one's satisfaction] convincing, cogent, persuasive (believable) Belief .
Adverbs
of course, in consequence, consequently, as a matter of course
necessarily, of necessity.
Phrases
there is nothing more to be said
Q.E.D.
it must follow
Nouns
confutation, refutation
answer, complete answer
disproof, conviction, redargution, invalidation
exposure, exposition
clincher
retort
reductio ad absurdum
knock down argument
sockdolager [U.S.] , correction etc. Conciseness .Existence
dissuasion etc. Dissuasion .
Verbs
confute, refute, disprove
parry, negative, controvert, rebut, confound, disconfirm, redargue, expose, show the fallacy of, defeat
demolish, break etc. (destroy) [Nonproduction.] Destruction
overthrow, overturn scatter to the winds, explode, invalidate
silence
put to silence, reduce to silence
clinch an argument, clinch a question
give one a setdown, stop the mouth, shut up
have, have on the hip. not leave a leg to stand on, cut the ground from under one's feet. be confuted etc.
fail
expose one's weak point, show one's weak point. counter evidence etc. [Evidence on the other side, on the other hand.] Counter Evidence
Phrases
the argument falls to the ground, it does not hold water, suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo" [Terence]
his argument was demolished by new evidence.