Superficial Form
Nouns
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convexity, prominence, projection, swelling, gibbosity, bilge, bulge, protuberance, protrusion
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camber, cahot [U.S.]. thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.]. swell. intumescence
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tumour [Brit.], tumor
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tubercle, tuberosity [Anat.]
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excrescence
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hump, hunch, bunch. boss, embossment, hub, hubble
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[convex body parts] tooth [U.S.], knob, elbow, process, apophysis, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity, tongue, dorsum, bump, clump
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sugar loaf etc. (sharpness) Sharpness
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bow
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mamelon
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molar
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belly, corporation, pot belly, gut [Coll.]
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withers, back, shoulder, lip, flange. [convexities on skin] pimple, zit [Slang]
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wen, wheel, papula [Med.], pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, caruncle, corn, wart, pappiloma, furuncle, polypus, fungus, fungosity, exostosis, bleb, blister, blain
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boil etc. (disease) Disease
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airbubble, blob, papule, verruca. [convex body parts on chest] papilla, nipple, teat, tit [Vulg.], titty [Vulg.], boob [Vulg.], knocker [Vulg.], pap, breast, dug, mammilla. [prominent convexity on the face] proboscis, nose, neb, beak, snout, nozzle, schnoz [Coll.]. peg, button, stud, ridge, rib, jutty, trunnion, snag. cupola, dome, arch, balcony, eaves
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pilaster. relief, cameo
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bassorilievo, mezzorilevo, altorivievo
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low relief, high relief. hill etc. (height) Height
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cape, promontory, mull
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forehead, foreland
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point of land, mole, jetty, hummock, ledge, spur
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naze, ness.
Verbs
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be prominent etc. adj.
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project, bulge, protrude, pout, bunch
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jut out, stand out, stick out, poke out
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stick up, bristle up, start up, cock up, shoot up
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swell over, hang over, bend over
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beetle. render prominent etc. adj.
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raise Elevation
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emboss, chase. [become convex] belly out.
Adjectives
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convex, prominent, protuberant, projecting etc. v.
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bossed, embossed, bossy, nodular, bunchy
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clavate, clavated, claviform
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hummocky, moutonne, mammiliform
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papulous, papilose
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hemispheric, bulbous
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bowed, arched
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bold
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bellied
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tuberous, tuberculous
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tumous
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cornute, odontoid
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lentiform, lenticular
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gibbous
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club shaped, hubby [U.S.], hubbly [U.S.], knobby, papillose, saddle-shaped, selliform, subclavate, torose, ventricose, verrucose. salient, in relief, raised, repousse
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bloated etc., (expanded) Expansion.
Adjectives
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flat, plane, even, flush, scutiform, discoid
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level etc. (horizontal) Horizontality
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flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke, flat as a flounder, flat as a board, flat as my hand.
Nouns
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concavity, depression, dip
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hollow, hollowness
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indentation, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus, lacuna
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excavation, strip mine
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trough etc. (furrow) Furrow
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honeycomb. cup, basin, crater, punch bowl
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cell etc. (receptacle) Receptacle
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socket. valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, combe, bottom, slade, strath, glade, grove, glen, cave, cavern, cove
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grot, grotto
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alcove, cul-de-sac
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gully etc. Interval
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arch etc. (curve) Curvature
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bay etc. (of the sea) Gulf. Lake. excavator, sapper, miner. honeycomb (sponge) Concavity.Existence.
Verbs
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be concave etc. adj.
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retire, cave in. render concave etc. adj.
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depress, hollow
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scoop, scoop out
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gouge, gouge out, dig, delve, excavate, dent, dint, mine, sap, undermine, burrow, tunnel, stave in.
Adjectives
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depressed etc. v.
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alveolate, calathiform, cup-shaped, dishing
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favaginous, faveolate, favose
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scyphiform, scyphose
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concave, hollow, stove in
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retiring
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retreating
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cavernous
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porous etc. (with holes) Opening
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infundibul, infundibular, infundibuliform
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funnel shaped, bell shaped
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campaniform, capsular
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vaulted, arched.
Nouns
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ponge, honeycomb, network
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frit [Chem], filter. sieve, net, screen (opening) Opening.
Adjectives
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cellular, spongy, spongious
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honeycombed, alveolar
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sintered
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porous (opening) Opening.
Nouns
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sharpness etc. adj.
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acuity, acumination
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spinosity. point, spike, spine, spicule [Biol.], spiculum
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needle, hypodermic needle, tack, nail, pin
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prick, prickle
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spur, rowel, barb
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spit, cusp
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horn, antler
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snag
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tag thorn, bristle
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Adam's needle, bear grass [U.S.], tine, yucca. nib, tooth, tusk
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spoke, cog, ratchet. crag, crest, cone peak, sugar loaf, pike, aiguille
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spire, pyramid, steeple. beard, porcupine, hedgehog, brier, bramble, thistle
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comb
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awn, beggar's lice, bur, burr, catchweed, cleavers, clivers, goose, grass, hairif, hariff, flax comb, hackle, hatchel, heckle. wedge
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knife edge, cutting edge
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blade, edge tool, cutlery, knife, penknife, whittle, razor, razor blade, safety razor, straight razor, electric razor
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scalpel
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bistoury, lancet
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plowshare, coulter, colter
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hatchet, ax, pickax, mattock, pick, adze, gill
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billhook, cleaver, cutter
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scythe, sickle
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scissors, shears, pruning shears, cutters, wire cutters, nail clipper, paper cutter
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sword etc. (arms) Arms
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bodkin etc. (perforator) Perforator
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belduque, bowie knife, paring knife
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bushwhacker [U.S.]
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drawing knife, drawing shave
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microtome [Micro.]
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chisel, screwdriver blade
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flint blade
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guillotine. sharpener, hone, strop
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grindstone, whetstone
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novaculite
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steel, emery.
Verbs
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be sharp etc. adj.
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taper to a point
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bristle with. render sharp etc. adj.
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sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spiculate, set, strop, grind
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chip (flint). cut etc. (sunder) Disjunction.
Adjectives
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sharp, keen
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acute
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acicular, aciform
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aculeated, acuminated
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pointed
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tapering
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conical, pyramidal
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mucronate, mucronated
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spindle shaped, needle shaped
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spiked, spiky, ensiform, peaked, salient
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cusped, cuspidate, cuspidated
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cornute, cornuted, cornicultate
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prickly
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spiny, spinous, spicular
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thorny, bristling, muricated, pectinated, studded, thistly, briary
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craggy etc. (rough) Roughness
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snaggy, digitated, two-edged, fusiform [Micro.]
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dentiform, denticulated
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toothed
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odontoid
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starlike
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stellated, stelliform
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sagittate, sagittiform
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arrowheaded
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arrowy, barbed, spurred. acinaciform
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apiculate, apiculated
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aristate, awned, awny, bearded, calamiform, cone-shaped, coniform, crestate, echinate, gladiate
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lanceolate, lanciform
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awl, awl-shaped, lance-shaped, awl-shaped, scimitar-shaped, sword-shaped
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setarious, spinuliferous, subulate, tetrahedral, xiphoid. cutting
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sharp edged, knife edged
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sharp as a razor, keen as a razor
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sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack
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sharpened etc. v.
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set
Verbs
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be blunt, render blunt etc. adj.
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obtund, dull
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take off the point, take off the edge
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turn.
Adjectives
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blunt, obtuse, dull, bluff
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edentate, toothless.
Nouns
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smoothness etc. adj.
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polish, gloss
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lubricity, lubrication. [smooth materials] down, velvet, velure, silk, satin
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velveteen, velour, velours, velumen
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glass, ice. slide
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bowling green etc. (level) Horizontality
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asphalt, wood pavement, flagstone, flags. [objects used to smooth other objects] roller, steam roller, lawn roller, rolling pin, rolling mill
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sand paper, emery paper, emery cloth, sander
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flat iron, sad iron
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burnisher, turpentine and beeswax
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polish, shoe polish. [art of cutting and polishing gemstones] lapidary. [person who polishes gemstones] lapidary, lapidarian.
Adjectives
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smooth
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polished etc. v.
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leiodermatous, slick, velutinous
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even
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level etc. Horizontality
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plane etc. (flat) Flatness
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sleek, glossy
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silken, silky
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lanate, downy, velvety
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glabrous, slippery, glassy, lubricous, oily, soft, unwrinkled
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smooth as glass, smooth as ice, smooth as monumental alabaster, smooth as velvet, smooth as oil
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slippery as an eel
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woolly etc. (feathery) Roughness.
Phrases
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smooth as silk
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slippery as coonshit on a pump handle
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slippery as a greased pig.
Nouns
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roughness etc. adj.
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tooth, grain, texture, ripple
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asperity, rugosity, salebrosity, corrugation, nodosity
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arborescence etc. [Regularity of form.] Symmetry
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pilosity. brush, hair, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet
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fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi
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lovelock
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beaucatcher
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curl paper
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goatee
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papillote, scalp lock. plumage, plumosity
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plume, panache, crest
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feather, tuft, fringe, toupee. wool, velvet, plush, nap, pile, floss, fur, down
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byssus, moss, bur
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fluff. knot (convolution) [Complex curvature.] Convolution.
Verbs
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be rough etc. adj.
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go against the grain. render-rough etc. adj.
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roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set on edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple.
Adjectives
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rough, uneven, scabrous, scaly, knotted
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rugged, rugose, rugous
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knurly
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asperous, crisp, salebrous, gnarled, unpolished, unsmooth, roughhewn
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craggy, cragged
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crankling, scraggy
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prickly etc. (sharp) Sharpness
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arborescent etc. [Regularity of form.] Symmetry
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leafy, well-wooded
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feathery
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plumose, plumigerous
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laciniate, laciniform, laciniose
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pappose
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pileous, pilose
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trichogenous, trichoid [Med.]
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tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, filamentous, hirsute
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crinose, crinite
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bushy, hispid, villous, pappous, bearded, pilous, shaggy, shagged
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fringed, befringed
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setous, setose, setaceous
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like quills upon the fretful porcupine" [Hamlet]
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rough as a nutmeg grater, rough as a bear. downy, velvety, flocculent, woolly
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lanate, lanated
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lanuginous, lanuginose
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tomentose
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fluffy.
Nouns
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notch, dent, nick, cut
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indent, indentation
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dimple. embrasure, battlement, machicolation
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saw, tooth, crenelle, scallop, scollop, vandyke
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depression
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jag.
Verbs
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notch, nick, cut, dent, indent, jag, scarify, scotch, crimp, scallop, scollop, crenulate, vandyke.
Adjectives
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notched etc. v.
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crenate, crenated
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dentate, dentated
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denticulate, denticulated
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toothed, palmated, serrated.
Nouns
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fold, plicature, plait, pleat, ply, crease
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tuck, gather
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flexion, flexure, joint, elbow, double, doubling, duplicature, gather, wrinkle, rimple, crinkle, crankle, crumple, rumple, rivel, ruck, ruffle, dog's ear, corrugation, frounce, flounce, lapel
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pucker, crow's feet
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plication.
Verbs
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fold, double, plicate, plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle, curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple, rumple, flute, frizzle, frounce, rivel, twill, corrugate, ruffle, crimple, crumple, pucker
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turn down, double down, down under
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tuck, ruck, hem, gather.
Adjectives
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folded, fluted, pleated etc. v..
Nouns
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furrow, groove, rut, sulcus [Anat.], scratch, streak, striae, crack, score, incision, slit
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chamfer, fluting
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corduroy road, cradle hole. channel, gutter, trench, ditch, dike, dyke
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moat, fosse, trough, kennel
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ravine etc. (interval) Interval
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tajo [U.S.], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.].
Verbs
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furrow etc. n.
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flute, plow
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incise, engrave, etch, bite in.
Adjectives
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furrowed etc. v.
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ribbed, striated, sulcated [Anat.], fluted, canaliculated
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bisulcous, bisulcate, bisulcated
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canaliferous
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trisulcate
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corduroy
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unisulcate
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costate, rimiform.
Nouns
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hole, foramen
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puncture, perforation
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fontanel
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transforation
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pinhole, keyhole, loophole, porthole, peephole, mousehole, pigeonhole
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eye of a needle
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eyelet
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slot. opening
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aperture, apertness
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hiation, yawning, oscitancy, dehiscence, patefaction, pandiculation
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chasm etc. (interval) Interval. embrasure, window, casement
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abatjour
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light
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sky light, fan light
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lattice
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bay window, bow window
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oriel [Arch.]
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dormer, lantern. outlet, inlet
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vent, vomitory
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embouchure
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orifice, mouth, sucker, muzzle, throat, gullet, weasand, wizen, nozzle
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placket. portal, porch, gate, ostiary, postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door
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arcade
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cellarway, driveway, gateway, doorway, hatchway, gangway
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lich gate. way, path etc. Method [Path.]
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thoroughfare
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channel
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passage, passageway
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tube, pipe
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water pipe etc. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit
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air pipe etc. [Channel for the passage of air.] Airpipe
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vessel, tubule, canal, gut, fistula
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adjutage, ajutage
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ostium
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smokestack
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chimney, flue, tap, funnel, gully, tunnel, main
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mine, pit, adit, shaft
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gallery. alley, aisle, glade, vista. bore, caliber
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pore
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blind orifice
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fulgurite, thundertube. porousness, porosity. sieve, cullender, colander
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cribble, riddle, screen
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honeycomb. apertion, perforation
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piercing etc. v.
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terebration, empalement, pertusion, puncture, acupuncture, penetration. key etc. Instrumentality, opener, master key, password, combination, passe-partout.
Verbs
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open, ope, gape, yawn, bilge
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fly open. perforate, pierce, empierce, tap, bore, drill
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mine etc. (scoop out) Concavity
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tunnel
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transpierce, transfix
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enfilade, impale, spike, spear, gore, spit, stab, pink, puncture, lance, stick, prick, riddle, punch
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stave in. cut a passage through
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make way for, make room for. uncover, unclose, unrip
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lay open, cut open, rip open, throw open, pop open, blow open, pry open, tear open, pull open.
Adjectives
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open
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perforated etc. v.
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perforate
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wide open, ajar, unclosed, unstopped
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oscitant, gaping, yawning
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patent. tubular, cannular, fistulous
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pervious, permeable
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foraminous
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vesicular, vasicular
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porous, follicular, cribriform, honeycombed, infundibular, riddled
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tubulous, tubulated
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piped, tubate. opening etc. v.
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aperient.
Nouns
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closure, occlusion, blockade
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shutting up etc. v.
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obstruction etc. (hindrance) Hindrance
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embolus
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contraction etc. Contraction
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infarction
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constipation, obstipation
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blind alley, blind corner
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keddah
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cul-de-sac, caecum
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imperforation, imperviousness etc. adj.
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impermeability
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stopper etc. Stopper.
Verbs
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close, occlude, plug
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block up, stop up, fill up, bung up, cork up, button up, stuff up, shut up, dam up
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blockade, obstruct etc. (hinder) Hindrance
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bar, bolt, stop, seal, plumb
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choke, throttle
-
ram down, dam, cram
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trap, clinch
-
put to the door, shut the door.
Adjectives
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closed etc. v.
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shut, operculated
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unopened. unpierced, imporous, caecal [Med.]
-
closable
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imperforate, impervious, impermeable
-
impenetrable
-
impassable, unpassable
-
invious
-
pathless, wayless
-
untrodden, untrod. unventilated
-
air tight, water tight
-
hermetically sealed
-
tight, snug.
Nouns
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perforator, piercer, borer, auger, chisel, gimlet, stylet, drill, wimble, awl, bradawl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trocar [Med.], trepan, probe, bodkin, needle, stiletto, rimer, warder, lancet
-
punch, puncheon
-
spikebit, gouge
-
spear etc. (weapon) Arms
-
puncher
-
punching machine, punching press
-
punch pliers.
Nouns
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stopper, stopple
-
plug, cork, bung, spike, spill, stopcock, tap
-
rammer
-
ram, ramrod
-
piston
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stop-gap
-
wadding, stuffing, padding, stopping, dossil, pledget, tompion, tourniquet. cover etc. Covering
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valve, vent peg, spigot, slide valve. janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, cerberus, ostiary.